{"id":15014,"date":"2017-07-14T17:08:01","date_gmt":"2017-07-14T17:08:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/?page_id=15014"},"modified":"2022-10-26T11:25:52","modified_gmt":"2022-10-26T11:25:52","slug":"impeller-types-of-impellers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/nuclear-engineering\/fluid-dynamics\/centrifugal-pumps\/impeller-types-of-impellers\/","title":{"rendered":"Impeller &#8211; Types of Impellers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Impeller design<\/strong> is the <strong>most significant factor<\/strong> for determining the performance of a centrifugal pump. A properly designed impeller <strong>optimizes flow<\/strong> while <strong>minimizing turbulence<\/strong> and <strong>maximizing efficiency<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The impeller of a centrifugal pump can be <strong>of<\/strong> <strong>three basic types<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/open-semi-open-closed-impeller-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright wp-image-14955\" src=\"http:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/open-semi-open-closed-impeller-min.png\" alt=\"open, semi-open, closed impeller\" width=\"185\" height=\"642\" \/><\/a>Open impeller.<\/strong>\u00a0Open impellers have the vanes free on both sides. Open impellers are structurally weak. They are typically used in small-diameter, inexpensive pumps and pumps handling suspended solids.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Semi-open impeller<\/strong>. The vanes are free on one side and enclosed on the other. The shroud adds mechanical strength. They also offer higher efficiencies than open impellers. They can be used in medium-diameter pumps and with liquids containing small amounts of suspended solids. Because of the minimization of recirculation and other losses, it is very important that a small clearance exists between the impeller vanes and the casing.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Closed impeller<\/strong>. The vanes are located between the two discs, all in a single casting. They are used in large pumps with high efficiencies and low required <strong>Net Positive Suction Head<\/strong>. The centrifugal pumps with closed impellers are the most widely used pumps handling clear liquids. They rely on close-clearance wear rings on the impeller and the pump casing. The closed impeller is a more complicated and expensive design because of the impeller, but additional wear rings are needed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The impeller blades can be:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Backward-curved<\/strong> blade design (preferred design due to the negative slope of performance curve)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Radial<\/strong> blade design<\/li>\n<li><strong>Forward-curved<\/strong> blade design (due to positive slope conditions, this design can cause pump surge)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Impellers can be either:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Single-suction<\/strong>. A single-suction impeller allows liquid to enter the center of the blades from only one direction.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Double-suction<\/strong>. A double-suction impeller allows liquid to enter the center of the impeller blades from both sides simultaneously. This reduces forces exerted on the shaft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Single-vs.-Double-suction-impeller-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-14954\" src=\"http:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Single-vs.-Double-suction-impeller-min.png\" alt=\"Single vs. Double suction impeller-min\" width=\"329\" height=\"181\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Single-vs.-Double-suction-impeller-min.png 329w, https:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Single-vs.-Double-suction-impeller-min-300x165.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 329px) 100vw, 329px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Impeller-and-diffuser-min.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-14953\" src=\"http:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Impeller-and-diffuser-min-300x219.png\" alt=\"impeller and diffuser\" width=\"300\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Impeller-and-diffuser-min-300x219.png 300w, https:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Impeller-and-diffuser-min-220x161.png 220w, https:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Impeller-and-diffuser-min.png 434w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>The output pressure slightly changes according to the design used. The blades may be open or closed. Also, the <strong>diffuser<\/strong> may be fitted with fixed vanes to help guide the flow toward the exit. The energy transferred to the liquid corresponds to the velocity at the edge of the impeller. The faster the impeller revolves or, the bigger the impeller is, the higher will the velocity head be.<\/p>\n<p>In general, <strong>centrifugal pumps<\/strong> can be classified based on how fluid flows through the pump. It is not classification based on the impeller alone but based on the design of the <strong>pump casing<\/strong> and the <strong>impeller<\/strong>. The three types of flow through a centrifugal pump are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>radial flow<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>mixed-flow<\/strong> (part radial, part axial)<\/li>\n<li><strong>axial flow<\/strong> (propeller type)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div   id="8n9s8rpp6h"     class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-100 lgc-tablet-grid-100 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div   id="8n9s8rpp6h"     class=\"inside-grid-column\">\u00a0 <div   id="8n9s8rpp6h"    class=\"su-accordion su-u-trim\"><div   id="8n9s8rpp6h"    class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\"><div   id="8n9s8rpp6h"    class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>References:<\/div><div   id="8n9s8rpp6h"    class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><strong>Reactor Physics and Thermal Hydraulics:<\/strong>\n<ol>\n<li>J. R. Lamarsh, Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Theory, 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, Reading,\u00a0MA (1983).<\/li>\n<li>J. R. Lamarsh, A. J. Baratta, Introduction to Nuclear Engineering, 3d ed., Prentice-Hall, 2001, ISBN: 0-201-82498-1.<\/li>\n<li>W. M. Stacey, Nuclear Reactor Physics, John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2001, ISBN: 0- 471-39127-1.<\/li>\n<li>Glasstone, Sesonske. Nuclear Reactor Engineering: Reactor Systems Engineering,\u00a0Springer; 4th edition, 1994, ISBN:\u00a0978-0412985317<\/li>\n<li>Todreas Neil E., Kazimi Mujid S. Nuclear Systems Volume I: Thermal Hydraulic Fundamentals, Second Edition. CRC\u00a0Press; 2\u00a0edition, 2012, ISBN:\u00a0978-0415802871<\/li>\n<li>Zohuri B., McDaniel P. Thermodynamics in Nuclear Power Plant Systems. Springer; 2015, ISBN:\u00a0978-3-319-13419-2<\/li>\n<li>Moran Michal J., Shapiro Howard N. Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, Fifth Edition,\u00a0John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2006, ISBN:\u00a0978-0-470-03037-0<\/li>\n<li>Kleinstreuer C. Modern Fluid Dynamics. Springer, 2010,\u00a0ISBN 978-1-4020-8670-0.<\/li>\n<li>U.S. Department of Energy, THERMODYNAMICS, HEAT TRANSFER,\u00a0AND FLUID FLOW.\u00a0DOE Fundamentals Handbook,\u00a0Volume 1, 2 and 3. June\u00a01992.<\/li>\n<li>White Frank M., Fluid Mechanics, McGraw-Hill Education, 7th edition, February, 2010, ISBN:\u00a0978-0077422417<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div   id="8n9s8rpp6h"    class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-dotted\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div   id="8n9s8rpp6h"    class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-default\" style=\"margin:15px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#999999\"><\/div><div   id="8n9s8rpp6h"     class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div   id="8n9s8rpp6h"     class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div><\/div><div   id="8n9s8rpp6h"     class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div   id="8n9s8rpp6h"     class=\"inside-grid-column\">\n<h2>See above:<\/h2>\n<p>Centrifugal Pumps<a href=\"http:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/nuclear-engineering\/fluid-dynamics\/centrifugal-pumps\/\" class=\"su-button su-button-style-flat\" style=\"color:#606060;background-color:#ffffff;border-color:#cccccc;border-radius:10px;-moz-border-radius:10px;-webkit-border-radius:10px\" target=\"_self\"><span style=\"color:#606060;padding:7px 20px;font-size:16px;line-height:24px;border-color:#ffffff;border-radius:10px;-moz-border-radius:10px;-webkit-border-radius:10px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #000000;-moz-text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #000000;-webkit-text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #000000\"><i class=\"sui sui-link\" style=\"font-size:16px;color:#5d5d5d\"><\/i> <\/span><\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><div   id="8n9s8rpp6h"     class=\"lgc-column lgc-grid-parent lgc-grid-33 lgc-tablet-grid-33 lgc-mobile-grid-100 lgc-equal-heights \"><div   id="8n9s8rpp6h"     class=\"inside-grid-column\"><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Impeller design is the most significant factor for determining the performance of a centrifugal pump. A properly designed impeller optimizes flow while minimizing turbulence and maximizing efficiency. The impeller of a centrifugal pump can be of three basic types: Open impeller.\u00a0Open impellers have the vanes free on both sides. Open impellers are structurally weak. They &#8230; <a title=\"Impeller &#8211; Types of Impellers\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/nuclear-engineering\/fluid-dynamics\/centrifugal-pumps\/impeller-types-of-impellers\/\" aria-label=\"More on Impeller &#8211; Types of Impellers\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":14959,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"generate_page_header":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15014"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15014"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15014\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33283,"href":"https:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15014\/revisions\/33283"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14959"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15014"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}