{"id":21430,"date":"2019-04-13T10:05:57","date_gmt":"2019-04-13T10:05:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/?page_id=21430"},"modified":"2023-06-06T11:20:09","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T11:20:09","slug":"what-is-electron-properties-of-electron","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sitepourvtc.com\/nuclear-power\/reactor-physics\/atomic-nuclear-physics\/fundamental-particles\/what-is-electron-properties-of-electron\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Electron – Properties of Electron"},"content":{"rendered":"
All matter except dark matter is made of molecules, which are themselves made of atoms. The atoms consist of two parts. An atomic nucleus<\/strong> and an electron cloud<\/strong>. The electrons are spinning around the atomic nucleus. Electrons belong to the group of elementary particles known as leptons<\/strong><\/a>. Leptons are elementary, half-integer spin (spin \u200a1\u20442) particles that do not undergo strong interactions<\/strong>. They are subject to the Pauli exclusion principle<\/strong>. This fact has key implications for building up the periodic table of elements. <\/a><\/p>\n Electrons were discovered by Sir John Joseph Thomson in 1897. Electrons are located in an electron cloud, which is the area surrounding the nucleus of the atom. The electron is only one member of a class of elementary particles which forms an atom.<\/p>\n Like all elementary particles, electrons exhibit properties of both particles and waves: they can collide with other particles and can be diffracted like light. The wave properties of electrons are easier to observe with experiments than those of other particles like neutrons and protons because electrons have a lower mass and hence a longer de Broglie wavelength for a given energy.<\/p>\n <\/a>Quarks<\/strong> and electrons<\/strong> are some of the elementary particles. Many fundamental particles<\/a> have been discovered in various experiments. So many that researchers had to organize them, just like Mendeleev did with his periodic table. This is summarized in a theoretical model (concerning the electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear interactions) called the Standard Model<\/strong><\/a>. In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle whose substructure is unknown<\/strong>. Thus\u00a0it is unknown whether it is composed of other particles.<\/p>\n There are six \u201cflavors\u201d of quarks six quarks in the present Standard Model, just as there are six leptons based on a presumed symmetry in nature.<\/p>\n <\/a>The antiparticle of the electron is called the positron; it is identical to the electron except that it carries electrical and other charges of the opposite sign. When an electron collides with a positron, both particles can be totally annihilated, producing gamma-ray photons.<\/p>\n The original idea for antiparticles came from a relativistic wave equation<\/strong> developed in 1928 by the English scientist P. A. M. Dirac<\/strong> (1902-1984). He realized that his relativistic version of the Schr\u00f6dinger wave equation for electrons predicted the possibility of antielectrons. These were discovered by Paul Dirac and Carl D. Anderson in 1932 and named positrons. They studied cosmic-ray collisions via a cloud chamber \u2013 a particle detector in which moving electrons (or positrons) leave behind trails as they move through the gas. Positron paths in a cloud chamber trace the same helical path as an electron but rotate in the opposite direction for the magnetic field direction due to their having the same magnitude of charge-to-mass ratio but with opposite charge and, therefore, opposite signed charge-to-mass ratios. Although Dirac did not himself use the term antimatter<\/strong><\/a>, its use follows on naturally enough from antielectrons, antiprotons<\/a>, etc.<\/p>\n See also: Positron Interaction<\/a><\/p>\n See also: Shielding of Positrons<\/a><\/p>\n Beta particles<\/strong><\/a> are high-energy, high-speed electrons or positrons<\/strong> emitted by certain fission fragments<\/a> or certain primordial radioactive nuclei such as potassium-40. The beta particles are a form of ionizing radiation<\/a>, also known as beta rays. The production of beta particles is termed beta decay<\/strong>. There are two forms of beta decay, electron decay (\u03b2\u2212 decay)<\/strong> and positron decay (\u03b2+ decay)<\/strong>. A nuclear reactor<\/a> occurs especially the \u03b2\u2212 decay because the common feature of the fission products is an excess of <\/strong>neutrons<\/strong><\/a> (see Nuclear Stability<\/a>). An unstable fission fragment with the excess of neutrons undergoes \u03b2\u2212 decay, where the neutron is converted into a proton, an electron, and an electron antineutrino<\/a>.<\/p>\nElectrons in the Standard Model<\/h2>\n
Positron<\/h2>\n
Beta Particle<\/h2>\n